Low Pay Commission Website
pic_seperate
pic_seperate
pic_seperate
pic_seperate
pic_seperate
pic_seperate
pic_seperate
pic_seperate
pic_seperate
pic_seperate
pic_seperate
Low Pay Commission
6th Floor
Victoria House
Southampton Row
London
WC1B 4AD


General enquiries:
020 7271 0450
Press enquiries:
020 7271 0451
E-mail:
lpc@lowpay.gov.uk

For directions click here for a map of the area
 
 
 

The Commissioners

Chairman's Foreword

Executive Summary

Recommendations

List of Figures

List of Tables


1. Introduction

2. Aggregate Impact of the National Minimum Wage

3. Low-paying Sectors and Small Firms

4. Particular Groups of Workers

5. Young People

6. Apprentices

7. Compliance and Enforcement

8. Setting the Rates

Appendices

Abbreviations and Glossary

Select Bibliography

 
 
National Minimum Wage
Low Pay Commission Report 2009
Select Bibliography


 

Aaronson, D., S. Agarwal and E. French, 2008. The Spending and Debt Response to Minimum Wage Hikes. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Working Paper. WP 2007-23. December.

Allison, N., A. Bowring, C. Chubb, A. Hatchett, K. Mulkearn, A. Warberg, L. Wiggins and L. Withers, 2009. Monitoring the Impact of the National Minimum Wage. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Incomes Data Services Ltd.) (See also Incomes Data Services Ltd, 2009.)

Anagboso, M., 2009. Retail Sales in the Downturn: Understanding Patterns and Trends. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(3), pp. 17–23.

Anderson, T. and H. Metcalf, 2003. Modern Apprenticeship Employers: Evaluation Study. Research Report RR417. April. (Department for Education and Skills.)

Apprenticeships Task Force, 2005. Final Report. The Business Case for Apprenticeships. July.

Ashton, K. and K. Kent, 2008. Annual Population Survey Household Data Sets. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(10), pp. 44–51.

Balch, A., P. Brindley, A. Geddes, and S. Scott, 2009. Gangmasters Licensing Authority Annual Review 2008. February.

Bank of England, 2008. Statistical Interactive Database: Interest & Exchange Rates Data. November. (www.bankofengland.co.uk)

Bank of England, 2009. Inflation Report. February.

Bank of England, ongoing. Agents’ Summary of Business Conditions. Monthly.

Bank of England, ongoing. Minutes of Monetary Policy Committee Meeting. Monthly.

Barham, C., 2008. Review of Labour Statistics for the United Nations Statistical Commission. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(6), pp. 47–52.

Barnard, A., 2008. Modelling the Gender Pay Gap in the UK: 1998 to 2006. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(8), pp. 18–24.

Barnes, W., G. Bright and C. Hewat, 2008. Making Sense of Labour Force Survey Response Rates. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(12), pp. 32–42.

Barrell, R. and M. Weale, 2009. The Economics of a Reduction in VAT. National Institute of Economic and Social Research Discussion Paper. 325. March.

Battistin, E., C. Emmerson, E. Fitzsimons, S. Maguire, S. Middleton, K. Perren and J. Rennison, 2005. Evaluation of Education Maintenance Allowance Pilots: Young People Aged 16–19 Years Final Report of the Quantitative Evaluation. Research Report RR678. October. (Department for Education and Skills.)

Bean, C., 2009. The Economic Outlook. Speech to the National Farmers’ Union Conference in Birmingham. February.

Bell, D., and D. G. Blanchflower, 2009. What Should Be Done About Rising Unemployment in the UK? February. (Bank of England and University of Stirling.)

Bhaskar, V., A. Manning and T. To, 2002. Oligopsony and Monopsonistic Competition in Labour Markets. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 16(2), Spring, pp. 155–174.

Blackman, S., 2009. The Credit Boom: Causes and Consequences. January. (Royal Bank of Scotland.)

Blanchflower, D. G., 2008. Where Next for the UK Economy? Keynes College, University of Kent Lecture. October. (Bank of England.)

Blanchflower, D. G., 2009a. Macroeconomic Policy Responses in the UK? University of Nottingham Lecture. January. (Bank of England.)

Blanchflower, D. G., 2009b. What Should Be Done About Rising Unemployment in the UK? University of Stirling Lecture. February. (Bank of England.)

Blanchflower, D. G., J. Saleheen and C. Shadforth, 2007. The Impact of the Recent Migration from Eastern Europe on the UK Economy. February. (Bank of England.)

Blanchflower, D. G. and C. Shadforth, 2007. Fear, Unemployment and Migration. NBER Working Paper 13506. October.

Bradley, T., 2008. Rebasing the Services Producer Price Index. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(12), pp. 64–66.

British Retail Consortium and KPMG, ongoing. BRC-KPMG Retail Sales Monitor. News Release. Monthly.

Brown, W., 2007. The Process of Fixing the British National Minimum Wage, 1997–2007. Paper given at the BJIR Conference 100 Years of Minimum Wage Regulation. December.

Bryan, M. and M. Taylor, 2004. An Analysis of the Household Characteristics of Minimum Wage Recipients. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex.)

Bryan, M. and M. Taylor, 2006. Identifying the Patterns of National Minimum Wage Receipt in Britain 1999–2004. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex.)

Bryson, A., A. Pendleton and K. Whitfield, 2008. The Changing Use of Contingent Pay at the Modern British Workplace. National Institute of Economic and Social Research Discussion Paper. 319. August.

Butcher, T., 2005. The Hourly Earnings Distribution Before and After the National Minimum Wage. Labour Market Trends. 113(10), pp. 427–435.

Cambridge Policy Consultants, 2006. Evaluation of Modern Apprenticeships and Skillseekers. Final Report. A Report for Scottish Enterprise. November.

CBI, 2008. Taking Stock. CBI Education and Skills Survey 2008. April.

CBI, 2009. Access to Finance Survey. February.

Chowdhury, A., 2008. Methods Explained: The GDP Implied Deflator. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(6), pp. 53–56.

CIPD, 2008. Recruitment, Retention and Turnover: Annual Survey Report 2008. June.

Citizens Advice Bureau, 2008. Justice Denied: The Deliberate Non-payment of Employment Tribunal Awards by Rogue Employers. October.

Clancy, G., 2008. Employment of Foreign Workers in the UK: 1997 to 2008. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(7), pp. 18–30.

Clancy, G., 2009a. The Labour Market and the Economy. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(2), pp. 17–20.

Clancy, G., 2009b. Labour Demand: The Need for Workers. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(2), pp. 21–29.

Clancy, G., 2009c. Revisions to Workforce Jobs: December 2008. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(3), pp. 39–43.

Clegg, R., 2008. Comparisons Between Unemployment and the Claimant Count: 1971 to 2007. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(5), pp. 18–20.

Coats, D., 2007. The National Minimum Wage: Retrospect and Prospect. March. (The Work Foundation.)

Cochrane, P., 2008. Sectors Through the Downturn – Who’s First Out? (Royal Bank of Scotland.)

Conn, S., 2009. Labour Costs. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(2), pp. 47–53.

Connolly, S. and M. Gregory, 2002. The National Minimum Wage and Hours of Work: Implications for Low Paid Women. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 64, pp. 607–631.

Cooke, G. and K. Lawton, 2008. Working out of Poverty. A Study of the Low-paid and the ‘Working Poor’. January. (Institute for Public Policy Research.)

Cox, A., A. Denvir and D. Pearmain, 2009. LPC 2008 Survey of Employers: Apprentice Exemptions. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Institute for Employment Studies.) (See also Institute for Employment Studies, 2009.)

Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, 2008a. The Annual Survey of Small Businesses’ Opinions 2006/07. February.

Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, 2008b. Vulnerable Worker Enforcement Forum – Final Report and Government Conclusions. URN 08/1085. August.

Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, 2008c. Evaluation of the Vulnerable Worker Pilots: Interim Report. Employment Relations Research Series. 98. October.

Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, 2008d. Enterprise Directorate: Small and Medium Enterprise Statistics for the UK and Regions. October.

Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, 2008e. The National Minimum Wage. Service Charges, Tips, Gratuities and Cover Charges: A Consultation. November. (www.berr.gov.uk)

Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, 2008f. Government Evidence to the Low Pay Commission on the Economic Effects of the National Minimum Wage. URN 08/1479, December. (www.berr.gov.uk)

Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2007a. Raising Expectations: Staying in Education and Training Post-16. Consultation Report. July.

Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2007b. Raising Expectations: Staying in Education and Training Post-16. From Policy to Legislation. CM 7065.

Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2008. Participation in Education, Training and Employment by 16–18 Year Olds in England. Statistical First Release. SFR 13/2008. June. (www.dcsf.gov.uk)

Department for Children, Schools and Families, and Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, 2008. Raising Expectations: Enabling the System to Deliver. Cm 7348. March. (www.dcsf.gov.uk)

Department for Communities and Local Government, ongoing. House Price Index. Statistical Release. Monthly.

Department for Education and Skills, and Learning and Skills Council, 2004. 21st Century Apprenticeships: End to End Review of the Delivery of Modern Apprenticeships.

Department for Education and Skills, 2007. Raising Expectations: Staying in Education and Training Post-16. March.

Department for Employment and Learning, 2008. AppprenticeshipsNI 2008, Level2/Level3. Operational Guidelines. December. (www.delni.gov.uk)

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2007. Survey of Agriculture and Horticulture: 1 June 2007 England – Final Results. November. (www.defra.gov.uk)

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2008. Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2007. (www.defra.gov.uk)

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2009. Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2008. January. (www.defra.gov.uk)

Department of Health, 2008. A Guide to Receiving Direct Payments from your Local Council. A Route to Independent Living. March. (www.direct.gov.uk)

Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, 2007. World Class Skills: Implementing the Leitch Review of Skills in England. July.

Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, and Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2008a. World Class Apprenticeships: Unlocking Talent, Building Skills for All. The Government’s Strategy for the Future of Apprenticeships in England. January.

Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, and Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2008b. Impact Assessment of Apprenticeships Review Policies, Including the Creation of the National Apprenticeships Service. July.

Department of Trade and Industry, 2007a. The Minimum Wage and Therapeutic Work. Information Note. URN 07/593. January. (www.berr.gov.uk)

Department of Trade and Industry, 2007b. National Minimum Wage and Voluntary Workers: Consultation Document. URN 07/962. June. (www.berr.gov.uk)

Department for Work and Pensions, 2009. Quarterly Statistical Summary. February.

Dickens, R. and M. Draca, 2005. The Employment Effects of the October 2003 Increase in the National Minimum Wage. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics.)

Dickens, R., S. Machin and A. Manning, 1999. The Effects of Minimum Wages on Employment: Theory and Evidence from Britain. Journal of Labour Economics. 17, pp. 1–22.

Dickens, R. and A. Manning, 2003. Minimum Wage, Minimum Impact. The Labour Market Under New Labour. (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.)

Dickens, R. and A. Manning, 2004. Has the National Minimum Wage Reduced UK Wage Inequality? Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A. 167, pp. 613–626.

Dickens, R. and A. Manning, 2006. The NMW Inequality – An Update. Presentation to the Work and Pensions Economics Groups, October.
(www.wpeg.group.shef.ac.uk)

Dickens, R. and A. McKnight, 2008. Assimilation of Migrants into the British Labour Market. Centre for Economic Performance Occasional Paper. 22. October.

Dickens, R., R. Riley and D. Wilkinson, 2009. The Employment and Hours of Work Effects of the Changing National Minimum Wage. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, University of Sussex and National Institute of Economic and Social Research.)

Dickerson, A., 2007. Longer Term Implications of the NMW: A Re-examination of Employer-provided Training. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Department of Economics, University of Sheffield.)

Dicks, G. and R. Walker, 2008. The 2008–2009 Recession: Will it be Worse than Last Time? UK Economics Weekly. October. (Royal Bank of Scotland.)

Dobbs, C., 2009. Patterns of Pay: Results of the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, 1997 to 2008. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(3), pp. 24–32.

Dolton, P., C. Rosazza-Bondibene and J. Wadsworth, 2009. The Geography of the National Minimum Wage. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Royal Holloway College, University of London.)

Draca, M., S. Machin and J. Van Reenen, 2005. The Impact of the National Minimum Wage on Profits and Prices. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and University College London.)

Draca, M., S. Machin and J. Van Reenen, 2006. Minimum Wages and Firm Profitability. Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper. 715. February.

Duff, H., 2007. A Preliminary Analysis of the Differences Between AWE and the AEI. Economic & Labour Market Review. 1(9), pp. 48–56.

Duff, H., 2008. The Effect of Bonuses on Earnings Growth in 2008. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(10), pp. 30–32.

Dunnell, K., 2008. Measuring the UK Economy: The National Statistician’s Perspective. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(10), pp. 18–29.

Dustman, C., T. Frattini and I. Preston, 2007. A Study of the Migrant Workers and the National Minimum Wage and Enforcement Issues. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (University College, London.)

Dustman, C., T. Frattini and I. Preston, 2008. The Effect of Immigration Along the Distribution of Wages. Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration Discussion Paper. 03/08. (University College, London.)

EEF, ongoing. Pay Bulletin. Monthly.

Employment Tribunal Service, 2008. Employment Tribunal and EAT Statistics (GB) 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2008.

Equal Opportunities Commission, 2005. The Apprentice: Making Genuine Career Choice a Reality. May.

Experian Business Strategies, 2007. Investigating the Sectoral and Regional Effects of the 2003 and 2004 National Minimum Wage Upratings. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission.

Experian Business Strategies, 2009. Impact of the National Minimum Wage on Staff Turnover, Retention and Recruitment. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission.

Experian and Ipsos, 2008. Evaluation of Extension of Education and Maintenance Allowance to Entry-to-Employment and Programme Led Apprenticeships. Final Report. February. (Learning and Skills Council.)

Fong, B. and A. Phelps, 2008. Apprenticeship Pay: 2007 Survey of Earnings by Sector. BMRB Social Research. DIUS Research Report 08–05. (Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills.)

Forth, J. and M. O’Mahony, 2003. The Impact of the National Minimum Wage on Labour Productivity and Unit Labour Costs. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (National Institute of Economic and Social Research.)

Forth, J., R. Harris, A. Rincon-Aznar and C. Robinson, 2009. The Impact of Recent Upratings of the National Minimum Wage on Competitiveness, Business Performance and Sector Dynamics. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (National Institute of Economic and Social Research and University of Glasgow.)

French, S. and J. Möhrke, 2006. The Impact of ‘New Arrivals’ Upon the North Staffordshire Labour Market. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Centre for Industrial Relations, Institute of Public Policy and Management, Keele University.)

Galindo-Rueda, F. and S. Pereira, 2004. The Impact of the National Minimum Wage on British Firms. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, and Yale University and University College London.)

Gallacher, J., S. Whittaker, B. Crossan and V. Mills, 2004. Modern Apprenticeships: Improving Completion Rates. (Scottish Executive.)

Gangmasters Licensing Authority, 2006. Licensing Standards. Agriculture, Horticulture, Shellfish Gathering and Processing and Packaging for Food, Fish and Shellfish. October. (Nottingham GLA.)

Georgiadis, A. P., 2006. Is the Minimum Wage Efficient? Evidence of the Effects of the UK National Minimum Wage in the Residential Care Homes Sector. Centre for Market and Public Organisation Working Paper Series. 06/160. August. (University of Bristol.)

Gilpin, N., M. Henty, S. Lemos, J. Portes and C. Bullen, 2006. The Impact of Free Movement of Workers from Central and Eastern Europe on the UK Labour Market. Working Paper. 29. (Department for Work and Pensions.)

Goodridge, P., 2009. Quality-adjusted Labour Input: Estimates for 1997 to 2007. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(1), pp. 62–66.

Greater Manchester Pay and Employment Rights Advice Service, 2008. Jobwatch 2007. September.

Grierson, K. and A. Allen, 2008. Introducing the New Business Demography Statistics. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(12), pp. 53–55.

Griffiths, C., C. Ormerod and F. Ritchie, 2007. Measuring Low Pay: Method and Precision. February. (Office for National Statistics.)

Groth, C. and P. Westaway, 2009. Deflation. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 2009 Q1. 49(1), pp. 37–44. March.

Hasluck, C., T. Hogarth, B. Baldauf and G. Briscoe, 2008. The Net Benefit to Employer Investment in Apprenticeship Training. Warwick Institute for Employment Research. A Report for the Apprenticeship Ambassadors Network. November.

Hayes, R., C. Ormerod and F. Ritchie, 2007. Earnings: Summary of Sources and Developments. Economic and Labour Market Review. 1(1), pp. 42–47.

Hicks, S., S. Conn and J. Johnson, 2009. Characteristics of Those Paid Below the National Minimum Wage. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(1), pp. 67–73.

HM Treasury, 2006. Prosperity for All in the Global Economy – World Class Skills. Final Report of the Leitch Review of Skills. December.

HM Treasury, 2008a. Budget 2008. Stability and Opportunity: Building a Strong, Sustainable Future. HC 388. March. (The Stationery Office.)

HM Treasury, 2008b. Pre-Budget Report 2008. Facing Global Challenges: Supporting People Through Difficult Times. Cm 7484. November. (The Stationery Office.)

HM Treasury, ongoing. Pocket Databank. Weekly.

HM Treasury, ongoing. Forecasts for the UK Economy: A Comparison of Independent Forecasts. Monthly.

Hogarth, T. and C. Hasluck, 2003. Net Costs of Modern Apprenticeship Training to Employers. Research Report RR418. Department for Education and Skills. April. (Warwick Institute for Employment Research.)

Hogarth, T., C. Hasluck, and W. W. Daniel, 2005. Employing Apprentices: The Business Case. Report for the Apprenticeships Task Force. September. (Warwick Institute for Employment Research.)

Home Office UK Border Agency, 2009. Accession Monitoring Report May 2004–December 2008.

House of Commons, 2008a. Pre-legislative Scrutiny of the Draft Apprenticeships Bill. Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills Committee. Seventh Report of Session 2007-08. Volume 1. HC 1062-1. November. (The Stationery Office.)

House of Commons, 2008b. The Draft Apprenticeships Bill. Children, Schools and Families Committee. Fourth Session of 2007–08. HC 1082. November. (The Stationery Office.)

House of Lords, 2007. Apprenticeship: A Key Route to Skill. Volume I: Report. Select Committee on Economic Affairs. Fifth Report of Session 2006–07. HL 138–I. July.

Hughes, J. C., 2008. SIC 2007: Implementation in ONS. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(8), pp. 41–44.

Hughes, M. and H. Monteiro, 2005a. Improving Employer Engagement in the Delivery of Apprenticeships. (Learning and Skills Development Agency.)

Hughes, M. and H. Monteiro, 2005b. Improving the Grade in Work-based Learning. (Learning and Skills Development Agency.)

IFF Research Ltd, 2000. Modern Apprenticeships: Exploring the Reasons for Non-completion in Five Sectors. Research Brief 217. August. (Department for Education and Employment.)

IMRG Capgemini, 2009. e-Retail Sales Index. Press Release. March.

Incomes Data Services Ltd, 2006a. The Impact of Economic Recession on Pay Increases and the Low Paid. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission.

Incomes Data Services Ltd, 2006b. Monitoring the Impact of the National Minimum Wage in Low-paying Sectors. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission.

Incomes Data Services Ltd, 2007. Monitoring the Impact of the National Minimum Wage. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. September.

Incomes Data Services Ltd, 2008. Pay and Conditions in Retail 2009.

Incomes Data Services Ltd, 2009. Monitoring the Impact of the National Minimum Wage. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (See also Allison, N., A. Bowring C. Chubb, A. Hatchett, K. Mulkarn, A. Warberg, L. Wiggins and L. Withers, 2009.)

Incomes Data Services Ltd, ongoing. IDS Pay Report. Fortnightly.

Institute for Employment Studies, 2009. LPC 2008 Survey of Employers: Apprentice Exemptions. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (See also Cox, A., A. Denvir and D. Pearmain, 2009.)

Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2003. Impact of 2002 Upratings of National Minimum Wage on Household Income Distribution. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission.

International Labour Organisation, 2009. Global Employment Trends 2009. January.

International Monetary Fund, 2009. World Economic Outlook Update. January.

Jones, F., 2008. The Effects of Taxes and Benefits on Household Income, 2006/07. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(7), pp. 37–47.

Jones, F., D. Annan and S. Shah, 2008. The Distribution of Household Income 1977 to 2006/7. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(12), pp. 18–31.

Jones, F., D. Annan and S. Shah, 2009. The Redistribution of Household Income 1977 to 2006/7. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(1), pp. 31–43.

Jones, M., R. Jones, P. Latreille, P. Murphy and P. Sloane, 2006. The Further Analysis of Flows Into and Out of the National Minimum Wage. October. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (University of Wales, Swansea.)

Kent, K., 2008. Job Separations in the UK. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(9), pp. 44–47.

Kent, K., 2009. Employment: Changes Over 30 Years. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(2), pp. 30–36.

Khan, K., 2008a. Employment of Foreign Workers Male and Female Labour Market Participation. August. (Office for National Statistics.)

Khan, K., 2008b. Employment of Foreign Workers: Focus on Earnings. November. (Office for National Statistics.)

King, M., 2009. Speech By Mervyn King, Governor of the Bank of England. Speech to the CBI Dinner in Nottingham. January. (Bank of England.)

Kitching, J. and R. Blackburn, 2002. The Nature of Training and Motivation to Train in Small Firms. Labour Market Trends. May.

KPMG/CIPD, ongoing. Labour Market Outlook. Quarterly.

Labour Research Department, ongoing. Labour Research. Monthly.

Laing & Buisson, 2006. Care of Elderly People. UK Market Survey 2006. Nineteenth Edition.

Laing & Buisson, 2007. Care of Elderly People. UK Market Survey 2007. Twentieth Edition.

Laing & Buisson, 2008a. Care of Elderly People. UK Market Survey 2008. Twenty-First Edition.

Laing & Buisson, 2008b. Domiciliary Care. UK Market Report 2008. Ninth Edition.

Laing & Buisson, 2008c. Children’s Nurseries. UK Market Report 2008. Seventh Edition.

Lam, K., C. Ormerod, R. Ritchie and P. Vaze, 2006. Do Company Wages Policies Persist in the Face of Minimum Wages? Labour Market Trends. 114(3), pp. 69–82.

Lawton, K., 2009. Nice Work If You Can Get It: Achieving a Sustainable Solution to Low Pay and In-work Poverty. January. (Institute for Public Policy Research.)

Leaker, D., 2008. The Gender Pay Gap in the UK. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(4), pp. 19–24.

Leaker, D., 2009a. Unemployment: Trends Since the 1970s. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(2), pp. 37–41.

Leaker, D., 2009b. Economic Inactivity. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(2), pp. 42–46.

Learning and Skills Council, 2006. National Learner Satisfaction Survey: Work-based Learning 2004/05. July.

Learning and Skills Council, 2007. Evaluation of the EMA National Roll-out. Final Report. RCU Research and Consultancy Service.

Learning and Skills Council, 2008a. Research into Expanding Apprenticeships. Final Report. January.

Learning and Skills Council, 2008b. First Release, Further Education, Work-based Learning and Train to Gain – LSC-funded Learner Outcomes in England 2006/07. May.

Learning and Skills Council, 2008c. Apprenticeship Expansion Programme Trial: Prospectus. December. (www.lsc.gov.uk)

Learning and Skills Council, 2008d. First Release. Post-16 Education: Learner Participation and Outcomes in England, 2007/08. December.

Learning and Skills Council, ongoing. Individualised Learner Record Database. Performance Data. Monthly. (www.apprenticeships.org.uk)

Leicester, A., C. O’Dea and Z. Oldfield, 2009a. How Does Inflation Affect Different Households? Presentation at the ESRC Festival of Social Science. March. (Institute for Fiscal Studies.)

Leicester, A., C. O’Dea and Z. Oldfield, 2009b. Average Inflation Falls, But Remains High for Some. Press Release. March. (Institute for Fiscal Studies.)

Low Pay Commission, 1998. The National Minimum Wage. First Report of the Low Pay Commission. Cm 3976, June. (The Stationery Office.)

Low Pay Commission, 1999. The National Minimum Wage. Second Report of the Low Pay Commission. Cm 4571, December. (The Stationery Office.)

Low Pay Commission, 2001a. The National Minimum Wage. Third Report of the Low Pay Commission. Volume One. Cm 5075, March. (The Stationery Office.)

Low Pay Commission, 2001b. The National Minimum Wage: Making a Difference: The Next Steps. Third Report of the Low Pay Commission. Volume Two. Cm 5175, June. (The Stationery Office.)

Low Pay Commission, 2003. The National Minimum Wage. Fourth Report of the Low Pay Commission. Building on Success. Cm 5768, March. (The Stationery Office.)

Low Pay Commission, 2004. Protecting Young Workers. The National Minimum Wage. Low Pay Commission Report 2004. Cm 6152, March. (The Stationery Office.)

Low Pay Commission, 2005. National Minimum Wage. Low Pay Commission Report 2005. Cm 6475, February. (The Stationery Office.)

Low Pay Commission, 2006. National Minimum Wage. Low Pay Commission Report 2006. Cm 6759, March. (The Stationery Office.)

Low Pay Commission, 2007. National Minimum Wage. Low Pay Commission Report 2007. Cm 7056, March. (The Stationery Office.)

Low Pay Commission, 2008. National Minimum Wage. Low Pay Commission Report 2008. Cm 7333, March. (The Stationery Office.)

Lui, S., J. Mitchell and M. Weale, 2008. Qualitative Business Surveys: Signal or Noise? National Institute of Economic and Social Research Discussion Paper. 323. September.

Machin, S., A. Manning and L. Rahman, 2003. Where the Minimum Wage Bites Hard: Introduction of Minimum Wages to a Low Wage Sector. Journal of the European Economic Association. 1, pp. 154–180.

Machin, S. and J. Wilson, 2004. Minimum Wages in a Low-wage Labour Market: Care Homes in the UK. The Economic Journal. 114(494), pp. 102–109. March.

MacLeod, D. and M. Hughes, 2006. Apprenticeships: a Review of Recent Policy and Practice. (Learning and Skills Network.)

Madouros, V., 2006. Impact of the Switch from Seasonal to Calendar Quarters in the Labour Force Survey. Labour Market Trends. 114(6), pp. 191–202.

Market and Business Development, 2008. UK Contract Cleaning Market Research Report Press Release. December.

McIntosh, S., 2007. A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Apprenticeships and Other Vocational Qualifications. Research Report RR834. (Department for Education and Skills.)

Metcalf, D., 2006. On the Impact of the British National Minimum Wage on Pay and Employment. London School of Economics Working Paper. 1481c. December.

Metcalf, D., 2007a. Why Has the British National Minimum Wage Had Little or No Impact on Employment? Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper. 781. April.

Metcalf, D., 2007b. Nothing New Under the Sun: The Prescience of George Sanders’ 1906 Fabian Tract. Paper to the BJIR Conference 100 Years of Minimum Wage Regulation. December.

Migration Advisory Committee, 2008. Skilled, Shortage, Sensible: The Recommended Shortage Occupation Lists for the UK and Scotland. September.

Miller, L., J. Hurstfield and N. Stratton, 2002. The National Minimum Wage and Employers’ Training Decisions. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (IRS Research and The Learning Society.)

Miller, L., E. Pollard, F. Neathey, D. Hill and H. Ritchie, 2005. Gender Segregation in Apprenticeships. Equal Opportunities Commission. Working Paper Series. 25. (Institute for Employment Studies.)

Miller Research (UK), 2006. Research into Effects of Introducing Education Maintenance Allowance to Replace Minimum Training Allowance in Wales. Final Report to Welsh Assembly Government. September.

Mizen, P., 2008. The Credit Crunch of 2007–2008: A Discussion of the Background, Market Reactions, and Policy Reponses. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review. 90(5), pp.531–567. September–October.

Mulheirn, I., 2008. The Impact of the 2006 National Minimum Wage Rise on Employment. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(9), pp. 30–36.

National Institute of Economic and Social Research, ongoing. Estimates of Monthly GDP. Monthly.

National Institute of Economic and Social Research, ongoing. National Institute Economic Review. Quarterly.

Nationwide, ongoing. Nationwide Consumer Confidence Index in Partnership with TNS. Monthly.

Neumark, D. and O. Nizalova, 2007. Minimum Wage Effects in the Longer Run. The Journal of Human Resources. 42(2), pp 435–452.

Neumark, D. and W. Wascher, 2007. Minimum Wages and Employment. Foundations and Trends in Microeconomics. 3(1-2), pp 1–182.

Neumark, D. and W. Wascher, 2008. Minimum Wages. December. (Cambridge MIT Press.)

Nicholson, S., E. Jordan, J. Cooper and J. Mason, 2008. Childcare and Early Years Providers Survey 2007. Research Report for the Department for Children, Schools and Families. DCSF-RR047. (British Market Research Bureau.)
(www.dcsf.gov.uk)

Northern Ireland Assembly, 2008. Committee for Employment and Learning. First Report on Training for Success. Report 34/07/08R. May.

Office of the Leader of the House of Commons, 2008. Preparing Britain for the Future. The Government’s Draft Legislative Programme 2008/09.

Office for National Statistics, 2007. Changes to ASHE in 2007.

Office for National Statistics, 2008a. 2008 Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings. November.

Office for National Statistics, 2008b. Low Pay Estimates April 2008. November.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Consumer Price Indices. Monthly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Gross Domestic Product Preliminary Estimate. Quarterly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Index of Distribution. Monthly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Index of Production. Monthly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Index of Services. Monthly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Labour Market Statistics. Monthly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Monthly Digest of Statistics. Monthly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Producer Prices. Monthly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Productivity. Quarterly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Profitability of UK Companies. Quarterly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Public Sector Employment. Quarterly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. Retail Sales. Monthly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. UK Economic Accounts. Quarterly.

Office for National Statistics, ongoing. UK Output, Income and Expenditure. Quarterly.

Office of Public Sector Information, 2008. Explanatory Notes to the Education and Skills Act 2008. (www.opsi.gov.uk)

Office for Standards in Education, 2008. The Impact of Programme-led Apprenticeships. July. (www.ofsted.gov.uk)

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2008a. Jobs for Youth. United Kingdom. June. (Paris.)

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2008b. Economic Outlook. 83. June. (Paris.)

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2008c. Main Economic Indicators. November. (www.oecd.org)

Ormerod, C., 2006a. A Framework for Labour Costs Statistics. Labour Market Trends. 114(6), pp. 203–211.

Ormerod, C., 2006b. Earnings Data: A Brief Guide to Sources and Outputs. Labour Market Trends. 114(11), pp. 389–396.

Ormerod, C., 2006c. Labour Force Survey Low Pay Estimates: Methods of Dealing With Second Jobs. Labour Market Trends. 114(7), pp. 233–239.

Ormerod, C. and F. Ritchie, 2007a. Linking ASHE and LFS: Can the Main Earnings Sources be Reconciled? Economic & Labour Market Review. 1(3), pp. 24–31.

Ormerod, C. and F. Ritchie, 2007b. Measuring Low Pay: The Importance of Timing. Economic & Labour Market Review. 1(4), pp. 18–22.

Ormerod, C. and F. Ritchie, 2007c. Issues in the Measurement of Low Pay. Economic & Labour Market Review. 1(6), pp. 37–45.

Palmer, N. and M. Chandler, 2008. Labour Force Survey: Interim Reweighting 2008. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(11), pp. 36–39.

Palmer, N. and M. Hughes, 2008. Labour Force Survey: Reweighting and Seasonal Adjustment Review 2008. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(6), pp. 33–42.

Palmer, N. and J. Hynard, 2007. Comparing ONS’s Retail Sales Index with the BRC’s Retail Sales Monitor. Economic & Labour Market Review. 1(4), pp. 47–49.

Park, J., MSP, 2008. The Apprenticeship (Scotland) Bill. March.

Pike, R., 2008. Measuring Inflation. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(7), pp. 59–60.

Pike, R., C. Marks and D. Morgan, 2008. Measuring UK Inflation. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(9), pp. 18–25.

Pollard. N., M. Latorre and D. Sriskandarajah, 2008. Floodgates or Turnstiles? Post-EU Enlargement Migration Flows to (and from) the UK. Institute for Public Policy Research. April.

Rainbird H., L. Holly and R. Leisten, 2002. The National Minimum Wage and Training. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. October. (Centre for Research in Employment, Work and Training, University College Northampton.)

Recruitment and Employment Confederation, and KPMG LLP, 2009. Report on Jobs. February.

Redwood, V., 2008. How to Spot a Recovery – The Evidence from Past Recessions. UK Economic Focus. 18 December. (Capital Economics.)

Richardson, I., 2009. Services Producer Price Index (Experimental) – Third Quarter 2008. Economic & Labour Market Review. 3(1), pp. 74–76.

Robjohns, J. and D. Whittard, 2008. How Similar are ONS’s Annual and Monthly Business Inquiries? Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(12), pp. 43–52.

Scottish Executive, 2007. Building on Our Success – Improving Modern Apprenticeships. Consultation Analysis Report.

Scottish Government, 2007. Skills for Scotland. A Lifelong Skills Strategy. September.

Scottish Government, 2008. Training Programme Expanded. News Release. March.

Scottish Government, 2009. Budget Passed by Scottish Parliament. News Release. February.

Scruton, J., 2007. Introduction of Automatic Occupation Coding in ASHE. Economic & Labour Market Review. 1(8), pp. 29–32.

Sentence, A., 2009. Monetary Policy and the Current Recession. Speech to the Institute of Economic Affairs’ 26th Annual State of the Economy Conference. February. (Bank of England.)

Skills Development Scotland, 2008. Operating Plan 2008–09. Our Contribution to Delivering Skills for Scotland.

Smith. D., 2007. Does Britain Have Regional Justice or Injustice in its Government Spending and Taxation? Britain & Overseas. Economic Research Council Digest. 37(1), pp 9–26. Spring.

Spielhofer, T., J. Nelson, L. O’Donnell and D. Sims, 2006. The Role of Training Allowances in Incentivising the Behaviour of Young People and Employers. National Foundation for Educational Research. Research Report RR756. (Department for Education and Skills.)

Spielhofer, T. and D. Sims, 2004. Modern Apprenticeships in the Retail Sector: Stresses, Strains and Support. January.

Steedman, H., 2008. Time to Look Again at Apprenticeship Pay? Getting Cost-sharing Right. SSDA Catalyst. Issue 5. (Sector Skills Development Agency.)

Stewart, M., 2002. Estimating the Impact of the Minimum Wage Using Geographical Wage Variation. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 64, pp. 583–605.

Stewart, M., 2003. Modelling the Employment Effects of the Minimum Wage. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (University of Warwick.)

Stewart, M., 2004a. The Employment Effects of the National Minimum Wage. The Economic Journal. 114, pp. C110–C116.

Stewart, M., 2004b. The Impact of the Introduction of the UK Minimum Wage on the Employment Probabilities of Low Wage Workers. Journal of the European Economic Association. 2, pp. 67–97.

Stewart, M. and J. Swaffield, 2002. Using the BHPS Wave 9 Additional Questions to Evaluate the Impact of the National Minimum Wage. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 64, pp. 633–652.

Stewart, M. and J. Swaffield, 2004. The Other Margin: Do Minimum Wages Cause Working Hours Adjustments for Low-wage Workers? Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (University of Warwick and University of York.)

Swaffield, J., 2008. How Has the Minimum Wage Affected the Wage Growth of Low-wage Workers in Britain? Presentation to the Low Pay Commission Research Workshop. September. (University of York.)

Tenon Forum, 2008. Report on Entrepreneurial Britain Wave 12. Press Release. November.

Thomas, M. and S.-A. Aubrey-Smith, 2008. The Impact of Labour Force Survey and Annual Population Survey Reweighting. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(12), pp. 56–63.

Trades Union Congress, 2008a. Decent Pay for Apprentices. January.

Trades Union Congress, 2008b. Still More (Better Paid) Jobs for the Boys. Apprenticeships and Gender Segregation. June.

Trades Union Congress Commission on Vulnerable Employment, 2008. Hard Work, Hidden Lives. The Full Report of the Commission on Vulnerable Employment. May.

Ullman, A. and G. Deakin, 2005. Apprenticeship Pay: A Survey of Earnings by Sector. Research Report RR674. (Department for Education and Skills.)

Unwin, L. and A. Fuller, 2004. National Modern Apprenticeship Task Force Employers: Their Perspectives on Modern Apprenticeships. Executive Summary. Final Report. Presented to the Apprenticeships Task Force. June.

Wadsworth, J., 2007. Did the Minimum Wage Change Consumption Patterns? Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Royal Holloway College, University of London.)

Wadsworth, J., 2008. Did the UK Minimum Wage Affect Prices? Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. (Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics.)

Waldron, M. and G. Young, 2007. Household Debt and Spending: Results from the 2007 NMG Research Survey. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin. 47(4), pp. 512–521.

Welsh Assembly Government, 2005. Work-based Learning Improvement Plan.

Welsh Assembly Government, 2008. Skills That Work for Wales. A Skills and Employment Strategy. April.

Welsh Assembly Government, 2009. £68 Million Boost to Skills Economy. Press Release. January.

West, J., 2005. Improving Completion Rates in Apprenticeship: A Comparative and Numerical Approach. Centre for Labour Market Studies.

Wingfield, D. and P. Gooding, 2008. CPI and RPI: The 2008 Basket of Goods and Services. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(4), pp. 25–31.

Wiseman, J., P. Roe, and D. Boothby, 2003. Evaluation of Modern Apprenticeships and National Traineeships in Wales. A Report to the National Council for Education and Learning in Wales. June.

Woods, J., 2008. Measuring the Quality of the Producer Price Index – An Update. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(8), pp. 45–48.

Youll, R., 2008. Dealing with Potential Bias in Early Estimates of GDP. Economic & Labour Market Review. 2(7), pp. 48–52.

 

Back to top